目錄
簡介 Intro
物理學家對以下方面進行理論和應用研究，對自然現象的知識進行延申，並開發電子，通信，發電和配電，空氣動力學，光學和激光，遙感，生物技術，醫藥和衛生等領域的新工藝和設備。他們受僱於電子，電器，航空航天製造公司，電信公司，電力公用事業，大學和政府研究實驗室，醫院和其他加工，製造，研究與策略顧問公司。天文學家進行觀測和理論研究，擴展對宇宙的認識。他們受僱於政府和大學。
Physicists conduct theoretical and applied research to extend knowledge of natural phenomena and to develop new processes and devices in fields such as electronics, communications, power generation and distribution, aerodynamics, optics and lasers, remote sensing, biotechnology, medicine and health. They are employed by electronic, electrical and aerospace manufacturing companies, telecommunications companies, power utilities, university and government research laboratories, hospitals and by a wide range of other processing, manufacturing, and research and consulting firms. Astronomers conduct observational and theoretical research to extend knowledge of the universe. They are employed by government and universities.
隨著經驗積累，物理學和天文學的專業之間具有一定流動性。
Mobility between specializations within physics and within astronomy is possible with experience.
物理學家與工程師緊密合作，並執行一些工程師的職責。
Physicists may work closely with and perform some of the duties of engineers.
氣象學，地球物理學和其他科學領域具有一定的流動性。
Mobility is possible to the fields of meteorology, geophysics and other fields of science.
隨著經驗積累，可能晉升到管理崗位。
Progression to management positions is possible with experience.
主要職責 Main Duties
物理學家執行部分或全部下列職責：Physicists perform some or all of the following duties:
- 設計並進行實驗和理論物理的研究
- Design and conduct research in experimental and theoretical physics
- 研究數據進行分析，並準備研究報告
- Carry out analysis of research data and prepare research reports
- 作為研究或開發團隊的一員，實驗，工業或醫療設備，儀器儀表和程序的的設計和開發。
- Participate as a member of a research or development team in the design and development of experimental, industrial or medical equipment, instrumentation and procedures.
天文學家執行部分或全部下列職責：Astronomers perform some or all of the following duties:
- 設計和進行觀測調查，進行詳細的分析和發展數值模式，擴展天體和宇宙輻射知識
- Design and conduct observational surveys, conduct detailed analyses and develop numerical models to extend knowledge of celestial bodies and cosmic radiation
- 制定或參與天文觀測和分析儀器和軟件的開發。
- Develop or participate in the development of instrumentation and software for astronomical observation and analysis.
- 物理學家可能專長於某些領域，如高層大氣物理學和空間，音響，原子和分子物理學，生物物理學，凝聚態或固態物理學，電磁學，流體和空氣動力學，健康物理學，醫學物理學，計量學，粒子物理學，光學和激光物理，核使物理和血漿物理.天文學家可能專注以下領域，比如天體物理學，天文學和射電天文學觀測或光學。
- Physicists may specialize in fields such as aeronomy and space, acoustics, atomic and molecular physics, biophysics, condensed matter or solid state physics, electromagnetics, fluids and aerodynamics, health physics, medical physics, metrology, particle physics, optics and laser physics, nuclear physics and plasma physics.Astronomers may specialize in fields such as astrophysics, observational or optical astronomy and radio astronomy.
任職要求 Employment Requirements
- 物理學家通常需要物理，工程物理或相關學科的碩士或博士學位。
- Physicists usually require a master’s or doctoral degree in a field of physics, engineering physics, or in a related discipline.
- 天文學家通常需要天文或相關學科的碩士或博士學位。
- Astronomers usually require a master’s or doctoral degree in astronomy or in a related discipline.
所有職稱 All Titles
- 聲學物理學家 acoustics physicist
- 空氣動力學者 aerodynamicist
- 空氣物理學家 aerophysicist
- 航空航天研究的科學家 aerospace research scientist
- 天文學家 astronomer
- 天體物理學家 astrophysicist
- 大氣物理學家 atmospheric physicist
- 生物物理學家 biophysicist
- 生物物理學家，輻射 biophysicist, radiation
- 化學物理學家 chemical physicist
- 通信研究科學家 communications research scientist
- 宇宙射線物理學家 cosmic ray physicist
- 宇宙學家 cosmologist
- 低溫物理學家 cryogenics physicist
- 晶體物理學家 crystal physicist
- 電學和磁學物理學家 electricity and magnetism physicist
- 電子物理學家 electronics physicist
- 電子研究科學家 electronics research scientist
- 基本粒子物理學家 elementary particle physicist
- 基本粒子理論家 elementary particle theorist
- 實驗物理學家 experimental physicist
- 流體物理學家 fluid physicist
- 健康物理學家 health physicist
- 高溫物理學家 high-temperature physicist
- 激光物理學家 laser physicist
- 低溫物理學家 low-temperature physicist
- 磁性物理學家 magnetism physicist
- 數學的生物物理學家 mathematical biophysicist
- 力學物理學家 mechanics physicist
- 醫療生物物理學家 medical biophysicist
- 醫療工程生物物理學家 medical engineering biophysicist
- 醫學物理學家 medical physicist
- 金屬物理學家 metal physicist
- 計量學家 metrologist
- 微波物理學家 microwave physicist
- 分子生物物理學家 molecular biophysicist
- 納米技術的物理學家 nanotechnology physicist
- 核物理學家 nuclear physicist
- 核反應堆的物理學家 nuclear reactor physicist
- 光學物理學家 optics physicist
- 粒子加速器物理學家 particle accelerator physicist
- 粒子物理學家 particle physicist
- 光子物理學家 photonics physicist
- 物理學家 physicist
- 基本粒子物理學家， physicist, elementary particles
- 物理學研究的科學家 physics research scientist
- 等離子物理學家 plasma physicist
- 輻射的生物物理學家 radiation biophysicist
- 射電天文學家 radio astronomer
- 反應堆物理學家 reactor physicist
- 遙感研究科學家 remote sensing research scientist
- 研究的科學家，航天 research scientist, aerospace
- 研究科學家，通信 research scientist, communications
- 研究的科學家，電子 research scientist, electronics
- 物理學研究的科學家， research scientist, physics
- 遙感技術研究的科學家， research scientist, remote sensing
- 流變學家 rheologist
- 半導體物理學家 semiconductor physicist
- 固態物理學家 solid-state physicist
- 空間物理學家 space physicist
- 理論核物理學家 theoretical nuclear physicist
- 理論家，基本粒子 theorist, elementary particles
- 熱物理學家 thermal physicist
- X射線物理學家 X-ray physicist
不包括職稱 Exclusions
- 建築和科學管理者 Architecture and science managers 0212
- 大氣物理學家（氣象學家和氣候） Atmospheric physicists (in 2114 Meteorologists and climatologists )
- 電腦工程師（軟件工程師和設計師除外） Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) 2147
- 地球物理學家和物理海洋學家（地質學家和海洋） Geophysicists and physical oceanographers (in 2113 Geoscientists and oceanographers )